Whether your blood sugar (glucose) levels are normal and you want to keep them that way...or you have diabetes and glucose control is your mantra...it is smart to eat a well-balanced diet to help keep your glucose readings healthy. In fact, maintaining healthy glucose levels may even help you live longer by avoiding diabetes–one of the leading causes of death in the US.
Most people already know that cinnamon is an excellent choice for blood sugar control. Consuming just one-half teaspoon to three teaspoons a day can reduce glucose levels by up to 24%. Cinnamon is great on cereals, vegetables, cottage cheese and snacks (think fresh apple slices sprinkled with cinnamon).
Other smart food choices…
Glucose-Controlling Food #1: Black Beans
Beans, in general, are the most underrated food in the supermarket.
Beans are high in protein as well as soluble and insoluble fiber. Soluble fiber helps you feel fuller longer, and insoluble fiber helps prevent constipation. Beans also break down slowly during digestion, which means more stable blood sugar levels.
Black beans, however, are particularly healthful because of their especially high fiber content. For example, one cup of cooked black beans contains 15 g of fiber, while a cup of pink beans has just 9 g.
*If you take diabetes medication, consult your doctor before making significant changes to your diet drug dosages may need to be adjusted.
Bonus: Beans protect the heart by lowering cholesterol and reducing damage from free radicals. For example, one study showed that you can lower your total and LDL (bad) cholesterol by about 8% simply by eating one-half cup of cooked pinto beans every day.
Helpful: To shorten cooking times, use canned beans instead of dried beans. They are equally nutritious, and you can reduce the sodium in salted canned beans by about 40% by rinsing them.
Another healthful way to use beans: Hummus. In the Middle East, people eat this chickpea garbanzo bean) spread as often as Americans eat bread. It is much healthier than bread because it contains both protein and olive oil-important for slowing the absorption of carbohydrate sugars and preventing blood sugar "spikes."
Hummus is a good weight-loss dish because it is high in fiber (about 15 g per cup) as well as protein about 19 g). Ample amounts of protein and fiber allow you to satisfy your appetite with smaller portions of food.
Hummus is made with mashed chickpeas, tahini (a sesame seed paste), lemon juice, garlic, salt and a little olive oil. Stick to the serving size on the label, which is typically two to four tablespoons.
Glucose-Controlling Food #2: Cocoa
The flavanols in cocoa are potent antioxidants that not only fight heart disease but also help guard against diabetes. In recent studies, cocoa improved insulin sensitivity, the body's ability to transport sugar out of the bloodstream. It's wise for people with diabetes or high blood sugar to choose unsweetened cocoa and add a small amount of sugar or sugar substitute.
A Simple Blood Sugar Buster
Taking two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar in eight ounces of water with meals or before bedtime can slow the absorption of sugar into the blood-vinegar helps to block the digestive enzymes that change carbs to sugar.
Cinnamon hot cocoa combines two glucose-controlling ingredients in one delicious recipe.
To prepare: Mix one-quarter cup of baking cocoa, one tablespoon of sugar (or Truvia to taste) and a pinch of salt. Gradually add one-quarter cup of boiling water and blend well. Add one cup of skim or 1% low-fat milk and a cinnamon stick. While stirring occasionally, heat on low for 10 minutes. Remove the cinnamon stick and enjoy!
Glucose-Controlling Food #3: Dates
These little fruits are sweet enough to qualify as dessert but have more antioxidants per serving than oranges, grapes and even broccoli. The antioxidants can help prevent heart disease as well as neuropathy-nerve damage that frequently occurs in people who have diabetes.
A single serving (for example, seven deglet noor dates) has 4 g of fiber for better blood sugar management.
Be careful: Seven dates also have 140 calories and 32 g of sugar, so this must be added to your total daily carbohydrate intake, especially if you have diabetes. Dates, in general, have a low glycemic index, so they don't spike glucose levels. Medjool dates, however, are not an ideal choice. They have significantly more sugar and calories per serving than deglet noor dates.
Glucose-Controlling Food #4: Sardines
Many people know about the heart healthy benefits of cold-water fish, such as salmon and mackerel. An analysis of studies involving hundreds of thousands of adults found that just one to two fish servings a week reduced the risk of dying from heart disease by more than one-third.
What's less well-known is that the high concentration of omega-3 fatty acids in cold water fish also helps prevent a too-rapid rise in blood sugar. Besides being low on the glycemic index, fish contains protein, which blunts blood sugar levels.
Best for helping to prevent high blood sugar: In addition to salmon and mackerel, sardines are an excellent choice (when canned with bones, they also are a good source of calcium).
Sugar Makes You Look Older
People were asked to guess the age of volunteers. The study found that every 0.18-gram increase in the volunteers' blood sugar level was associated with a five-month increase in perceived age.
Possible reason: Glucose can damage skin's collagen and elastin, causing wrinkles and sagging.
Tuna, to a somewhat lesser extent, offers omega-3s (choose canned light-albacore white has higher levels of mercury). Also avoid large fish, such as king mackerel and swordfish, which have more mercury than smaller fish. Aim for a 35-ounce serving two or three times a week.
Glucose-Controlling Food #5: Almonds
High in fiber, protein and beneficial fats, nuts can significantly lower glucose levels. In fact, women who ate a one-ounce serving of nuts at least five times a week were nearly 30% less likely to develop diabetes than women who rarely or never ate nuts, according to one study.
The poly- and monounsaturated fats in nuts improve the body's ability to use insulin. Nuts also help with cholesterol control–important because diabetes increases risk for heart disease.
All nuts are beneficial, but almonds contain more fiber, calcium and protein than most nuts (and are best for blood sugar control). Walnuts are highest in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids. Avoid salted nuts–they have too much sodium.
Excellent way to add nuts to your diet: Nut butters. Almost everyone likes peanut butter, and it is healthier than you might think. Like butters made from almonds, cashews or other nuts, the fats it contains are mostly monounsaturated, which are good for the heart. The fiber in nut butters (about 1 g to 2 g per tablespoon, depending on the nut) can help lower blood sugar.
Good choice for blood sugar control: One serving one to two tablespoons) of almond butter (rich in potassium, vitamin E and calcium) several times a week. Look for nut butters that have a short list of ingredients—they are the most nutritious
